Publication: Publication Date: 1 August 2013Testing Method:
"Simulated Transient Electromagnetic Response for
the Inspection of GFRP-Wrapped Concrete Cylinders
Using Radar NDE"
Assessing the subsurface condition of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-retrofitted concrete structures is an important inspection problem for the maintenance of reinforced concrete structures retrofitted with high performance composites like GFRP. The objective of this paper is to investigate the radar response of GFRP-concrete cylinders through a parametric study, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Intact and artificially damaged GFRP-wrapped concrete cylinders were modeled in a two dimensional domain. Considered parameters include the thickness of GFRP wrap=layer, width and depth of artificial defects, and the incident frequency. Modulated Gaussian signals with a carrier frequency ranging from 8GHz to 18GHz were used as the incident wave. Field and power responses in both time and frequency domains were investigated. A nonlinear effect due to the variation of defect dimensions is found in both time and frequency responses, indicating the multiple, interlayer scattering effect in the system.
References
1. H. Saadatmanesh, M. R. Ehsani, and L. Jin. ACI Structural Journal 93:639–647 (1996).
2. G. Steckel, G. Hawkins, and J. Bauer. Proceedings of the 44th International SAMPE Symposium,
Long Beach, CA, pp. 2194–2208 (1999).
3. J. F. Bonacci and M. Maalej. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, ASCE 6:41–51 (2000).
4. C. E. Bakis, L. C. Bank, V. L. Brown, E. Cosenza, J. F. Davalos, J. J. Lesko, A. Machida, S. H. Rikalla,
and T. C. Triantafillou. Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE 6:73–87 (2002).
5. S. Rizkalla and A. Nanni. (eds.). Field Applications of FRP Reinforcement: Case Study, SP-215.
ACI International. Farmington Hills, MI (2003).
6. H. Saadatmanesh and M. R. Ehsani. Structural Materials. J. Orofino (Ed.) (1989).
7. H. Saadatmanesh, M. Ehsani, and L. Jin. ACI Structural Journal 93:639–647 (1996).
8. P. Mukhopadhyaya, N. Swamy, and C. Lynsdale. Optimizing structural response of beams strengthened
with GFRP plates. Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE 2(2, May):87–95 (1998).
9. L. Lam and J. G. Teng. Strength of RC cantilever slabs bonded with GFRP strips. Journal of Composites
for Construction, ASCE 5(4), November:221–227 (2001).
10. S. Ross, A. Boyd, M. Johnson, R. Sexsmith, and N. Banthia. Potential retrofit methods for concrete
channel beam bridges using glass fiber reinforced polymer. Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE
9(1), January:66–74 (2004).
11. A. A. El Damatty, M. Abushagur, and M. A. Yousssef. Rehabilitation of composite steel bridges using
GFRP plates. Applied Composite Materials 12:309–325 (2005).
12. A. Mirmiran and S. Philip. Comparison of acoustic emission activity in steel-reinforced and
FRP-reinforced concrete beams. Construction and Building Materials 14:299–310 (2000).
13. G. Swit. Evaluation of compliance changes in concrete beams reinforced by glass fiber reinforced
plastics using acoustic emission. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE 16(5),
October:414–418 (2004).
14. F. Bastianini, A. D. Tommaso, and G. Pascale. Ultrasonic non-destructive assessment of bonding
defects in composite structural strengthenings. Composite Structures 53:463–467 (2001).
15. A. Mirmiran and Y. Wei. Damage assessment of FRP-encased concrete using ultrasonic pulse
velocity. Journal Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 127(2):126–135 (2001).
16. J. R. Berriman, D. A. Hutchins, A. Neild, T. H. Gan, and P. Purnell. The application of time-frequency
analysis to the air-coupled ultrasonic testing of concrete. IEEE Transaction on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics,
and Frequency Control 53(4), April:768–777 (2006).
17. M. A. Starnes, N. J. Carino, and E. Kausel. Preliminary thermography studied for quality control of
concrete structures strengthened with fiber-reinforce polymer composites. Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering, ASCE 15(3), June:266–273 (2003).
18. O. Hag-Elasfi, S. Alampalli, and J. Kunin. In-service evaluation of a reinforced concrete T-beam
bridge FRP strengthening system. Composite Structures 64:179–188 (2004).
19. R. D. Owen. Portable linear accelerators for X-ray and electro-beam applications in civil engineering.
NDT&E International 31(6):401–409 (1998).
20. O. Buyukozturk and H. C. Rhim. Electromagnetic Properties of Concrete for Nondestructive Testing,’’
Proceedings of the International Conference on Nondestructive Testing of Concrete in the Infrastructure,
Society for Experimental Mechanics, Deaborn, MI, pp. 83–92 (1993).
21. Ch. Maierhofer, M. Krause, and H. Wiggenhauser. Non-destructive investigation of sluices using
radar and ultrasonic impulse echo. NDT&E International 31(6):421–427 (1998).
22. M. Feng, F. D. Flaviis, and Y. J. Kim. Use of Microwaves for Damage Detection of Fiber Reinforced
Polymer-Wrapped Concrete Structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 128(2):172–183
(2002).
23. J. A. Kong. Electromagnetic Wave Theory. EMW Publishing, Cambridge, MA (2000).
24. K. S. Yee. Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations
in isotropic media. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation AP-14(3):302–307 (1966).
25. R. Courant, K. Friedrichs, and H. Lewy. On the partial difference equations of mathematical physics.
IBM Journal of Research and Development 11(2):215–234 (1967).
26. A. Taflove and M. E. Brodwin. Numerical solution of steady-state electromagnetic scattering
problems using the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory
and Techniques MTT-23(8):623–630 (1975).
27. J.-P. Berenger. A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves. Journal of
Computational Physics 114(2):185–200 (1994).
28. J.-P. Berenger. Perfectly matched layer for the FDTD solution of wave-structure interaction problems.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 44(1), January:110–117 (1996).
29. J.-P. Berenger. Improved PML for the FDTD solution of wave-structure interaction problems.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45(3), March:466–473 (1997).
30. H. C. Rhim and O. Buyukozturk. Wideband microwave imaging of concrete for nondestructive
testing. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 126(12):1451–1457 (2000).
Metrics
| Usage | Shares |
|---|---|
Total Views 57 Page Views |
Total Shares 0 Tweets |
57 0 PDF Downloads |
0 0 Facebook Shares |
| Total Usage | |
| 57 |